摘要：一项研究提出，萄园然而，径流在施用之后，中自

PNAS：径流中来自纳帕谷葡萄园的纳帕硫

一项研究提出，这些杀真菌剂之后在休眠季节被降雨造成的谷葡径流带走。

生物探索推荐英文论文摘要：

Transformations,萄园 transport, and potential unintended consequences of high sulfur inputs to Napa Valley vineyards

Abstract:

Unintended anthropogenic deposition of sulfur (S) to forest ecosystems has a range of negative consequences, identified through decades of research. There has been far less study of purposeful S use in agricultural systems around the world, including the application of elemental sulfur (S⁰) as a quick-reacting fungicide to prevent damage to crops. Here we report results from a three-year study of the transformations and flows of applied S⁰ in soils, vegetation, and hydrologic export pathways of Napa Valley, CA vineyards, documenting that all applied S is lost from the vineyard ecosystem on an annual basis. We found that S⁰ oxidizes rapidly to sulfate ( ) on the soil surface where it then accumulates over the course of the growing season. Leaf and grape tissues accounted for only 7–13% of applied S whereas dormant season cover crops accounted for 4–10% of applications. Soil S inventories were largely   and ester-bonded sulfates; they decreased from 1,623 ± 354 kg ha^-1 during the dry growing season to 981 ± 526 kg ha^-1 (0–0.5 m) during the dormant wet season. Nearly all S applied to the vineyard soils is transported offsite in dissolved oxidized forms during dormant season rainstorms. Thus, the residence time of reactive S is brief in these systems, and largely driven by hydrology. Our results provide new insight into how S use in vineyards constitutes a substantial perturbation of the S cycle in Northern California winegrowing regions and points to the unintended consequences that agricultural S use may have at larger scales.

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